Addition and subtraction of two matrix in C using multidimensional arrays

To find the sum of two matrices, here we used two dimensional arrays to define a matrix and then using loops the addtion of elements is done.

Inputs to the script

User has to enter matrix size and elements, or it can be fixed while declaring

Processing

By looping through elements the multiplication is done.

Output of the script

We will get sum of the matrix in matrix form.

Sum of 2x2 matrix

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void){
int i,j;
int num1[2][2]={
                {1,2},
                {3,4}
                };

int num2[2][2]={
                {5,6},
                {7,8}                
                };
int sum[2][2];
////adding ///
for(i=0;i<2;i++){

for(j=0;j<2;j++){
sum[i][j]=num1[i][j] + num2[i][j];
}
}
/////displaying////
for(i=0;i<2;i++){

for(j=0;j<2;j++){
printf(" %d  ", sum[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
///
return 0;
}

Output

 6   8
 10   12

3x3 Matrix Sum

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void){
int i=3,j=3;
int num_final[i][j];
int num1[3][3]={{1,2,3},
                {4,5,6},
	        {7,8,9}};
int num2[3][3]={{10,20,30},
                {40,50,60},
	        {70,80,90}};

for(i=0;i<3;i++){
 for(j=0;j<3;j++){
     num_final[i][j]=num1[i][j]+num2[i][j];
}
}
///// addition is over , now display the result //

for(i=0;i<3;i++){
    for(j=0;j<3;j++){
        printf("%d,",num_final[i][j]);
    }
printf("\n");
}

Outut is here

11,22,33,
44,55,66,
77,88,99,

Subtraction of matrix

In the above code we will replace the addition with subtraction.
Check this line

num_final[i][j]=num1[i][j]+num2[i][j];

Change this line like this

num_final[i][j]=num2[i][j]-num1[i][j];

Your output is here

9,18,27,
36,45,54,
63,72,81,

Example 1: Matrix Addition of Two 2x2 Matrices

This example demonstrates how to add two 2x2 matrices and print the resulting matrix.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int a[2][2] = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}};
    int b[2][2] = {{5, 6}, {7, 8}};
    int sum[2][2];

    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
            sum[i][j] = a[i][j] + b[i][j];
        }
    }

    printf("Sum of matrices:\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
            printf("%d ", sum[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }

    return 0;
}

Output:

Sum of matrices:
6 8 
10 12

---

Example 2: Matrix Addition with User Input (3x3 Matrices)

This example allows users to input two 3x3 matrices and calculates their sum.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int a[3][3], b[3][3], sum[3][3];

    printf("Enter the elements of first 3x3 matrix:\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
            scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
        }
    }

    printf("Enter the elements of second 3x3 matrix:\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
            scanf("%d", &b[i][j]);
        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
            sum[i][j] = a[i][j] + b[i][j];
        }
    }

    printf("Sum of matrices:\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
            printf("%d ", sum[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }

    return 0;
}

Output:

Enter the elements of first 3x3 matrix:
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Enter the elements of second 3x3 matrix:
9 8 7
6 5 4
3 2 1
Sum of matrices:
10 10 10 
10 10 10 
10 10 10

Multiplication of Matrix Two dimensional Array in C

Sample scripts in C Grade Mark C- Tutorials

Sum of two matrix