Numpy aggregate functions std to get standard deviation alue among elements with different options

numpy.std(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, ddof=0, keepdims=)

Return standard deviation of elements across given axis.

`a`	array, elements to get the std value
`axis`	Int (optional ), or tuple, default is None, stdvalue among all the elements. If axis given then values across the axis is returned.
`out`	Optional. If given then output to be stored. Must be of same shape as of the output
`keepdims`	Bool ( Optional ), output matches to the input array dimension.
`ddof`	Delta Degrees of Freedom ( default is 0 ) , N - ddof is used where N is the number of elements in computing the standard deviation

We will use these parameters in our examples.

Sample array

You can use randint() to create an array for our examples. Or can use fixed elements to create the array.

import numpy as np
# my_data=np.random.randint(2,high=7,size=(3,3),dtype='int16') 
my_data=np.array([[6, 3, 2], [7, 2, 2], [6, 2, 9]])
print(my_data)

Output

[[6 3 2]
 [7 2 2]
 [6 2 9]]

Axis

stdimum value of the elements across the axis. Axis of Numpy std array

print("std()       : ", my_data.std())
print("std(axis=0) : ", my_data.std(axis=0))
print("std(axis=1) : ", my_data.std(axis=1))

Output

std()       :  2.5385910352879693
std(axis=0) :  [0.47140452 0.47140452 3.29983165]
std(axis=1) :  [1.69967317 2.3570226  2.86744176]

out

Alternative output array, must be of same shape as expected output. Let us first check with axis.

keepdims

If it is set to True ( keepdims=True ) then it will take the dimension of input array.

print("std(keepdims=True) : ", my_data.std(keepdims=True))
print("std(keepdims=False) : ", my_data.std(keepdims=False))

Output

std(keepdims=True) :  [[2.53859104]]
std(keepdims=False) :  2.5385910352879693

ddof

ddof = 0 ( default) , this is Population Standard Deviation
ddof = 1 , this is Sample Standard Deviation
Check this code with output.

import numpy as np
list1=[12,13,15,11,9,12,13,10,11,12,13,7,8]
my_data=np.array(list1)
print(my_data.std(ddof=0)) # 2.153846153846154
print(my_data.std(ddof=1)) # 2.2417941532712202

Comparison of Standard Deviation using Python, Pandas, Numpy and Statistics library

Numpy mean() sum() max()

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Subhendu Mohapatra

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Numpy std()

Sample array

Axis

out

keepdims

ddof

Subhendu Mohapatra