Precedence of operators PEMDAS

print(4+2*3)   # Output 10 
print(4+(2*3)) # Output 10
print((4+2)*3) # Output 18

In the first line the output is 10 ( not 18 ) as multiplication is first done and then the addition is performed. In next two lines the operation within the Parentheses is executed first. This action is done based on the precedence to be followed while performing actions using operators.

This is in the order of decreasing precedence.

Operator	Details
`( )`	Parentheses ( By grouping the expressions the precedence can change )
`**`	Exponent
`+x`, `-x`, `~x`	Positive, negative, bitwise NOT
`*`, `@`, `/`, `//`, `%`	Multiplication, matrix multiplication, division, floor division, remainder
`+`,`-`	Addition and subtraction
`<<`, `>>`	Shifts
`&`	Bitwise AND
`^`	Bitwise XOR
`\|`	Bitwise OR
`in`, `not in`, `is`, `is not`, `<`, `<=`, `>`, `>=`, `!=`, `==`	Comparisons, including membership tests and identity tests
`not x`	Boolean NOT
`and`	Boolean AND
`or`	Boolean OR
`if – else`	Conditional Expression
`lambda`	Lambda expression
`:=`	Assignment expression

PEMDAS : P,E,MD,AS
Parenthesis, Exponentiation, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction

MD : multiplication and division have the same precedence.
AS : Addition, Subtraction have the same precedence.

PEMDAS isn't about order of operations, it doesn't decide what order things are evaluated in. It's really about argument grouping.
PEMDAS says that x+y+z*a is same as (x+y)+(z*a).

and or

Precedence of and is higher than or. Here to pass the exam, student has to score average of more than or equal to 50. In this case average is less than 50 but the output is Pass as and is having higher precedence than or.

math=40
english=50
avg=45
if math>=40 or english>=50 and avg>=50:
  print("Passed")
else:
  print("Failed")

Output is

Passed

Due to the higher Precedence of and following grouping is done.

if math>40 or (english > = 50 and avg > 50)

The actual grouping should be like this to get correct result.

(if math>40 or english > = 50) and avg > 50

Associativity

When two operators have same associativity, the execution is done from left to right.

print(10/2*6) # output is 30.0
print(24/6//2)# output is 2.0

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Subhendu Mohapatra

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Python Precedence of Operators

and or

Associativity

Subhendu Mohapatra