Format() : Formatted Output of data using placeholders in Python

placeholder : Marked by {}, Our data is placed inside this by using the format.

Using string

Just place the given string at the placeholder.

str='Welcome {} plus2net'
print(str.format('to')) # Welcome to plus2net

Using more than one placeholder

str='Product : {} , Prise is Rs {}'
print(str.format('Mango','45'))

Output

Product : Mango , Prise is Rs 45

using indexes for placeholders

We can mark the positions for the placeholders

str='Price is Rs : {1} , Product {0}'
print(str.format('Mango','45'))

Output

Price is Rs : 45 , Product Mango

Alignment of formatted text

We kept one placeholder of 25 positions. We have one product name ‘Mango’ to display within this 25 position width. We will align our output in left , centre and right side of the available 25 position width.

str='Left Aligned Product  : {:<25},Price:45'
print(str.format('Mango'))

str='Right Aligned Product : {:>25},Price:45'
print(str.format('Mango'))

str='Center Aligned Product: {:^25},Price:45'
print(str.format('Mango'))

Output

Left Aligned Product  : Mango                    ,Price:45
Right Aligned Product :                     Mango,Price:45
Center Aligned Product:           Mango          ,Price:45

Integer Presentation types

`b`	Binary format , base 2
`c`	unicode chars
`d`	Decimal format, base 10
`o`	Octal format, base 8
`x`	Hex format, base 16 , lower case char
`X`	Hex format, base 16 , Upper case char
`n`	Same as d but uses local settings for separator char
`none`	Same as d

str='Binary value from decimal is: {:b}'
print(str.format(10))

str='HEX value from decimal is {:X}'
print(str.format(30))

str='HEX value from decimal is {:x}'
print(str.format(30))

str='Octal value from decimal is {:o}'
print(str.format(30))

Output is here

Binary value from decimal is: 1010
HEX value from decimal is 1E
HEX value from decimal is 1e
Octal value from decimal is 36

Using decimal place

We can format to display 4 decimal places

str='Price is Rs :{my_price:.4f}'
print(str.format(my_price=120.75))

Output

Price is Rs :120.7500

Total space we can define along with decimal place. Note that in aboe code we used 8 positions including the decimal ( dot ) . Now we will format for 9 places ( in total including integer , dot and decimal place )

str='Price is Rs :{my_price:9.4f}'
print(str.format(my_price=120.75))

Output ( total 9 places so one place is left blank at left side of the value )

Price is Rs : 120.7500

Sign type for numbers

This is applicable only for numbers

`+`	Show both + and - signs
`-`	Show only - signs
`space`	Show leading space for + and - signs for negative numbers

str="Sign numbers is {:-}"
print(str.format(-30))

str="Sign numbers is {:-}"
print(str.format(+30))

str="Sign numbers is {:+}"
print(str.format(30))

str="Sign numbers is {:+}"
print(str.format(-30))

str="Sign numbers is {: }"
print(str.format(30))

str="Sign numbers is {: }"
print(str.format(-30))

Output

Sign numbers is -30
Sign numbers is 30
Sign numbers is +30
Sign numbers is -30
Sign numbers is  30
Sign numbers is -30

Formatting for 1000 place

One comma to be added for every thousand place. Here is the input with output.

def format_number(number):
    return ("{:,}".format(number))
print(format_number(1000000)) # 1,000,000

All Built in Functions in Python
max() Bitwise operators using format() int() float()

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